Yttrium (Y) – element 39
Yttrium is a chemical element with the symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a transition metal in group 3, period 5 of the periodic table (d-block), and is a solid at room temperature.
Yttrium (Y) has atomic number 39, atomic mass 88.906 u and electron configuration [Kr] 4d1 5s2.
Yttrium facts
| Symbol | Y |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 39 |
| Atomic mass | 88.906 u (g/mol) |
| Category | transition metal |
| Group | group 3 |
| Period | 5 |
| Block | d-block |
| Phase at 20 °C | Solid |
| Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1 |
| Noble-gas notation | [Kr] 4d1 5s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 |
Bohr model and shells
Yttrium has 39 electrons in 5 shells: 2, 8, 18, 9, 2. Full configuration and noble-gas notation are in the table; work out any element or ion with the electron configuration calculator.
Physical and atomic properties
| Melting point | 1799 K (1525.8 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 3203 K (2929.8 °C) |
| Density | 4.472 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.22 |
| Electron affinity | 29.6 kJ/mol |
| Ionization energies | 600, 1180, 1980 kJ/mol (1st, 2nd, 3rd) |
| Molar heat capacity | 26.53 J/(mol·K) |
| Discovered by | Johan Gadolin |
Use the atomic mass in the molar mass calculator for any formula containing Y.
Position in the periodic table
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Frequently asked questions
What is the atomic mass of yttrium?
The atomic mass of yttrium is 88.906 u, so one mole of yttrium atoms weighs 88.906 g.
What is the electron configuration of yttrium?
Yttrium has 39 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹, or [Kr] 4d¹ 5s² in noble-gas notation. Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 9, 2.
Is yttrium a metal?
Yes. Yttrium is a transition metal.
Where is yttrium on the periodic table?
Yttrium is in group 3, period 5, in the d-block.
Data: Periodic-Table-JSON (CC BY-SA 3.0); standard atomic weights from IUPAC (abridged). Values in brackets are the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.