Lead (Pb) – element 82
Lead is a chemical element with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. It is a post-transition metal in group 14, period 6 of the periodic table (p-block), and is a solid at room temperature.
Lead (Pb) has atomic number 82, atomic mass 207.2 u and electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2.
Lead facts
| Symbol | Pb |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 82 |
| Atomic mass | 207.2 u (g/mol) |
| Category | post-transition metal |
| Group | group 14 |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | p-block |
| Phase at 20 °C | Solid |
| Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2 |
| Noble-gas notation | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 |
| Valence electrons | 4 |
Bohr model and shells
Lead has 82 electrons in 6 shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4. Full configuration and noble-gas notation are in the table; work out any element or ion with the electron configuration calculator.
Physical and atomic properties
| Melting point | 600.61 K (327.5 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 2022 K (1748.8 °C) |
| Density | 11.34 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.87 |
| Electron affinity | 34.4204 kJ/mol |
| Ionization energies | 715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5 kJ/mol (1st, 2nd, 3rd) |
| Molar heat capacity | 26.65 J/(mol·K) |
| Discovered by | Middle East |
Use the atomic mass in the molar mass calculator for any formula containing Pb.
Position in the periodic table
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Frequently asked questions
What is the atomic mass of lead?
The atomic mass of lead is 207.2 u, so one mole of lead atoms weighs 207.2 g.
What is the electron configuration of lead?
Lead has 82 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p², or [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p² in noble-gas notation. Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4.
How many valence electrons does lead have?
Lead has 4 valence electrons (group 14).
Is lead a metal?
Yes. Lead is a post-transition metal.
Where is lead on the periodic table?
Lead is in group 14, period 6, in the p-block.
Data: Periodic-Table-JSON (CC BY-SA 3.0); standard atomic weights from IUPAC (abridged). Values in brackets are the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.