Bismuth (Bi) – element 83
Bismuth is a chemical element with the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. It is a post-transition metal in group 15 (pnictogens), period 6 of the periodic table (p-block), and is a solid at room temperature.
Bismuth (Bi) has atomic number 83, atomic mass 208.98 u and electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3.
Bismuth facts
| Symbol | Bi |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 83 |
| Atomic mass | 208.98 u (g/mol) |
| Category | post-transition metal |
| Group | group 15 (pnictogens) |
| Period | 6 |
| Block | p-block |
| Phase at 20 °C | Solid |
| Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3 |
| Noble-gas notation | [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 |
| Valence electrons | 5 |
Bohr model and shells
Bismuth has 83 electrons in 6 shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5. Full configuration and noble-gas notation are in the table; work out any element or ion with the electron configuration calculator.
Physical and atomic properties
| Melting point | 544.7 K (271.6 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 1837 K (1563.8 °C) |
| Density | 9.78 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 2.02 |
| Electron affinity | 90.924 kJ/mol |
| Ionization energies | 703, 1610, 2466 kJ/mol (1st, 2nd, 3rd) |
| Molar heat capacity | 25.52 J/(mol·K) |
| Discovered by | Claude François Geoffroy |
Use the atomic mass in the molar mass calculator for any formula containing Bi.
Position in the periodic table
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Frequently asked questions
What is the atomic mass of bismuth?
The atomic mass of bismuth is 208.98 u, so one mole of bismuth atoms weighs 208.98 g.
What is the electron configuration of bismuth?
Bismuth has 83 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p³, or [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ in noble-gas notation. Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5.
How many valence electrons does bismuth have?
Bismuth has 5 valence electrons (group 15).
Is bismuth a metal?
Yes. Bismuth is a post-transition metal.
Where is bismuth on the periodic table?
Bismuth is in group 15 (pnictogens), period 6, in the p-block.
Data: Periodic-Table-JSON (CC BY-SA 3.0); standard atomic weights from IUPAC (abridged). Values in brackets are the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.