Vanadium (V) – element 23
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a transition metal in group 5, period 4 of the periodic table (d-block), and is a solid at room temperature.
Vanadium (V) has atomic number 23, atomic mass 50.942 u and electron configuration [Ar] 3d3 4s2.
Vanadium facts
| Symbol | V |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 23 |
| Atomic mass | 50.942 u (g/mol) |
| Category | transition metal |
| Group | group 5 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d-block |
| Phase at 20 °C | Solid |
| Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3 |
| Noble-gas notation | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
Bohr model and shells
Vanadium has 23 electrons in 4 shells: 2, 8, 11, 2. Full configuration and noble-gas notation are in the table; work out any element or ion with the electron configuration calculator.
Physical and atomic properties
| Melting point | 2183 K (1909.8 °C) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 3680 K (3406.8 °C) |
| Density | 6 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.63 |
| Electron affinity | 50.911 kJ/mol |
| Ionization energies | 650.9, 1414, 2830 kJ/mol (1st, 2nd, 3rd) |
| Molar heat capacity | 24.89 J/(mol·K) |
| Discovered by | Andrés Manuel del Río |
Use the atomic mass in the molar mass calculator for any formula containing V.
Position in the periodic table
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Frequently asked questions
What is the atomic mass of vanadium?
The atomic mass of vanadium is 50.942 u, so one mole of vanadium atoms weighs 50.942 g.
What is the electron configuration of vanadium?
Vanadium has 23 electrons: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³, or [Ar] 3d³ 4s² in noble-gas notation. Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 11, 2.
Is vanadium a metal?
Yes. Vanadium is a transition metal.
Where is vanadium on the periodic table?
Vanadium is in group 5, period 4, in the d-block.
Data: Periodic-Table-JSON (CC BY-SA 3.0); standard atomic weights from IUPAC (abridged). Values in brackets are the mass number of the longest-lived isotope.