MolDraw › Templates › Resonance

Resonance templates

26 templates · 3 free to download · for high school, A-level, AP and university chemistry

Resonance structure templates with curly arrows between contributors: acetate and carboxylate ions, benzene Kekulé structures, carbonate, amides, enolates, acylium and guanidinium ions, allyl and benzyl systems, naphthalene and more. Use them to teach delocalisation, formal charge and why some ions are especially stable.

Acetate and carboxylate ions template previewAcetate and carboxylate ionsFreeBenzene (Kekulé structures) template previewBenzene (Kekulé structures)FreeCarbonate ion template previewCarbonate ionFreeCarboxylic acid and ester template previewCarboxylic acid and esterPremiumAmide resonance template previewAmide resonancePremiumEnolate ion template previewEnolate ionPremiumAcylium ion template previewAcylium ionPremiumGuanidinium ion template previewGuanidinium ionPremiumAllyl cation, radical and anion template previewAllyl cation, radical and anionPremiumBenzyl cation template previewBenzyl cationPremiumButadiene and an enone template previewButadiene and an enonePremiumNaphthalene template previewNaphthalenePremiumPhenoxide ion template previewPhenoxide ionPremiumAniline template previewAnilinePremiumNitrobenzene template previewNitrobenzenePremiumPyridine template previewPyridinePremiumPyrrole template previewPyrrolePremiumNitro group (nitromethane) template previewNitro group (nitromethane)PremiumAzide group (methyl azide) template previewAzide group (methyl azide)PremiumCyanate and thiocyanate ions template previewCyanate and thiocyanate ionsPremiumNitrate ion template previewNitrate ionPremiumNitrite ion template previewNitrite ionPremiumOzone template previewOzonePremiumSulfur dioxide template previewSulfur dioxidePremiumSulfate ion template previewSulfate ionPremiumPhosphate ion template previewPhosphate ionPremium

Frequently asked questions

How are resonance structures shown?

Each contributor is drawn separately, joined by double-headed resonance arrows, with curly arrows showing how the electrons move from one contributor to the next.

Is the resonance hybrid shown?

Where it helps, yes: several templates add the hybrid with partial bonds and partial charges after the contributors.

Are the resonance templates free?

3 of the 26 resonance templates are free to download. All of them can be previewed here and opened and edited in MolDraw; downloading the premium ones is part of MolDraw Pro.

Other template categories

Name reactionsMechanismsStereochemistryCatalytic cyclesPericyclic reactionsBiochemistrySpectroscopyResearch figuresLab safetyLab notebookTeaching labLab reference cardsMedicinal chemistryPolymersOrganicLab referenceMedicinalGeneral chemistryMaterialsNatural productsPhysical chemistryGeneral & inorganicReaction mapsGrapheneCOFsMOFsDendrimersReaction setups